Lighting in interior and exterior design from the perspective of bioactivities and their impact on the design of sustainable smart cities

Green spaces play a prominent role in the development of smart cities, as they contribute to reducing urban heat, improving air quality, supporting biodiversity, and providing recreational areas. These spaces also contribute to the effective management of resources with a focus on energy efficiency, and promoting a healthier and more vibrant urban environment. This is done by integrating smart lighting systems technologies, which are one of the most important branches in the design of smart cities that contribute to reducing energy consumption. Urban lighting also plays a vital role in shaping the atmosphere and functions of urban environments. As cities grow and develop, the importance of effective lighting has become increasingly clear. This makes the environment safer for users at night and improves the quality of life in a way that cannot be achieved using traditional systems. Hence, the need to activate photobioreactor systems has emerged. They have many major advantages, and can prevent or reduce pollution and allow algae to be grown in monocultures (a culture consisting of only one type of microalgae) and provide better control over biological growth conditions (pH, light intensity, carbon dioxide, and temperature).